▸ Have to / be able to / be allowed to

Deux auxiliaires modaux dans la même phrase ? Interdit !
Heureusement, il existe une équipe de « remplaçants. »
▪ can (capacité) → be able to
▪ can (permission) → be allowed to
▪ must → have to
▪ Futur + capacité → will be able to
▪ Futur + permission → will be allowed to
▪ Futur + obligation → will have to
▪ Futur + non-obligation → will not have to
In the future, we will have to build smarter cities, because we won’t be able to use fossil fuels.
Children at school will be allowed to use their smartphones in class to work.

▪ Passé + capacité → was / were able to
▪ Passé + permission → was / were allowed to
▪ Passé + obligation → had to
▪ Passé + non-obligation : didn’t have to
They were not allowed to use the same bathrooms.