The United States has launched its first zero-emission passenger train in what could prove to be a significant milestone in global efforts to decarbonize public transport.
The Zero Emission Multiple Unit (ZEMU) made its debut in San Bernardino, California. The train carries 108 passengers and is scheduled to go into full service in early 2025. The ZEMU offers a real world-test of the potential of hydrogen technology in every day public transport.
While the U.S. is just starting its hydrogen train journey, other countries have already made significant progress.
With sustainability now at the forefront of development, we'll likely see more focus on electricity and hydrogen as the power source for railroad engines.
One of the main advantages of electric railways is that infrastructure and safety measures to supply and manage huge power loads are already in place. The implementation of hydrogen as a rail fuel would require infrastructure development on a large scale to transport, store and deploy it safely. Hydrogen is a volatile and highly explosive chemical, so strict safety measures at every point in the supply chain would be required. Storing large quantity of hydrogen on a fast-moving train is potentially hazardous.
The choice between hydrogen and electric trains will likely depend on specific route requirements, existing infrastructure, local energy production methods, and long-term cost projections.