[...] What makes us reach for these unattractive worlds? Where ideas are taken to illogical extremes, where agency is removed, where the human body is commodified and even brutally mutilated, where natural forces and environments are violent and inhospitable. It doesn't seem to make any sense.
Margaret Atwood hits the nail on the head (well she would) by talking in broader terms of "speculative fiction", which she views as having routes in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. It's an interesting word to choose, by entering a dystopia we're both conjecturing and investing, considering a vision of a future and trying ideas on for size, with the bonus of it being an intellectual rather than financial exercise that costs us nothing. [...]
A dystopia serves as an obvious and useful conceptual means to critique social constructs but in fiction it's impossible not to become invested in a character. The role of the individual within the system, where they sit on the submission-rebellion spectrum, the bonds formed or dissolved with others in the face of destructive or controlling elements, carry us through dystopian works. [...]
There is a sense of relief on exit. Life is not as bad as what we've been witnessing – either in our reader's minds eye or on the screen – and it would be disingenuous to ignore the fact we step back from dystopia feeling like we're inhabiting a better place. It's ultimately a form of feel-good fiction, just in curious and compelling reverse, a punishing workout in pursuit of a dopamine effect that is both additive and addictive.